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Encapsulation is one of the fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). In PHP, encapsulation allows you to control access to the properties and methods of a class. I t is …

In PHP, an abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated directly and is designed to be extended by other classes. Abstract classes allow you to define methods and …

In PHP, constructors and destructors are special functions that allow you to manage the lifecycle of an object. The constructor is automatically called when an object is created, and the …

Inheritance in PHP allows one class to inherit the properties and methods of another class. It is a key concept in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and provides code reusability, allowing you …

In PHP, an interface is a blueprint for creating classes. It defines a set of methods that any class implementing the interface must define. Interfaces provide a way to enforce …

In PHP, a constant is a name or an identifier for a simple value. Unlike variables, constants are immutable, meaning their values cannot be changed once they are defined. Constants …

The spread operator in PHP, introduced in PHP 5.6 and enhanced in PHP 7.4 and PHP 8.0, is a powerful feature that allows you to unpack values from arrays or …

In PHP, string operators are used to manipulate and combine string values. There are only two main string operators in PHP: the concatenation operator (.) and the concatenation assignment operator …

Assignment operators in PHP are used to assign values to variables. The simplest assignment operator is the = operator, but PHP provides several compound assignment operators that combine basic operations …

In PHP, logical operators are used to combine or modify boolean values (true or false). They are essential in controlling the flow of your program, especially in conditional statements like …